Journal: International Journal of Oncology
Article Title: FOXM1 inhibitor, RCM-1, enhances venetoclax mediated apoptosis through downregulation of ATP2B4 in rhabdomyosarcoma
doi: 10.3892/ijo.2026.5865
Figure Lengend Snippet: The combination of RCM1-NP FA and venetoclax decreases tumor growth and enhances caspase-mediated apoptosis in a murine RMS model. (A) Schematic diagram of tumor cells inoculation and treatment. The figure is created in BioRender. Merjaneh, N. (2024) https://BioRender.com/z67t342 . (B) Combination therapy significantly reduced tumor burden compared with vehicle. The mean vehicle tumor volume on day 21 was 685 mm 3 , compared with the average tumor volume of the combination therapy of 361 mm 3 . The maximum tumor diameter was 17.3×11.5 mm and the corresponding maximum tumor volume was 1,144 mm 3 . Tumor volume was measured at different time points during the experiment (P≤0.01; n=12). (C) Combination therapy inhibited proliferation, as indicated by the decreased number of Ki67-positive cells. Combination therapy increased apoptosis, shown by the increased number of (D) BAX-positive cells and (E) the number of caspase3-positive cells compared with single agents and/or vehicle. A total of five random fields per sample were used to quantify the number of Ki67, BAX and cleaved caspase 3 positive cells per group. Values are shown as mean ± SD. Scale bar, 10 μ m. * P≤0.05, ** P≤0.01, **** P≤0.0001. RMS, rhabdomyosarcoma.
Article Snippet: The small molecule compound RCM1 (2-[2-oxo-2-(thiophen-2-yl) ethyl]sulfanyl-4,6-di(thiophen-2-yl) pyridine-3-carbonitrile) was synthesized by Vitas-M Laboratory (95% purity) and dissolved in DMSO for in vitro studies.
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